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Introduction:
The web, also known as the World Wide Web, serves as a vast repository of digital information. Instead of physical books, it comprises digital documents called web pages. These pages can incorporate a wide range of content, including text, images, videos, and links to other pages. Stored on servers, web pages are accessible via the Internet.
Web Pages:
Static vs. Dynamic: Web pages exist in two primary forms: static pages and dynamic web pages. Static pages are commonly referred to as websites, which are read-only in nature. They offer information and content without interactive functionality. On the other hand, dynamic web pages, known as web apps, possess both frontend and backend components.
Frontend Development: Frontend refers to the user-facing side of a web app, encompassing the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX). In the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js), the front end is constructed using the React framework. The following technologies play crucial roles in frontend development:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): HTML provides the structural foundation for web pages, allowing content to be organized into various elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and more.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): CSS is responsible for styling web pages, enhancing their visual appearance, and ensuring consistency. It controls aspects such as layout, colors, typography, and animations.
JavaScript: JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. With JavaScript, developers can create interactive features, validate user input, manipulate the DOM (Document Object Model), and communicate with backend services.
Backend Development: Backend development focuses on the server-side processes and logic required for web apps to function. It handles data processing, server-side calculations, and the overall functioning of the web app. Backend development is often carried out using frameworks like Express.js in the MERN stack.
Database Layer: The database layer is where data is stored and managed within a web app. Databases serve as repositories for structured information, ensuring efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data. In the MERN stack, MongoDB is commonly employed as the database due to its flexibility and scalability.
Full Stack Development: A full stack developer possesses proficiency in working with all three components of web development: frontend, backend, and the database layer. These developers can effectively handle both the user-facing aspects and the server-side functionality, allowing them to create complete web applications.